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Chapter 2: Surgical Anatomy : 

Whitnall’s ligament


Overview  |  Palpebral fissure size  |  Extraocular muscle size  |  Pulleys  |  Palpebral fissure shape  |  Epicanthal folds  |  Conjunctiva  |  Tenon’s capsule  |  Surgical anatomy of the rectus muscles  |  Characteristics of the extraocular muscles  |  Motor physiology  |  Underaction and ‘overaction’  |  Surgical anatomy of the inferior oblique  |  Lockwood’s ligament  |  Superior oblique  |  Whitnall’s ligament  |  Trochlea  |  Anterior segment blood supply  |  Vortex veins  |  Orbit and extraocular muscle imaging  |  Growth of eye from birth through childhood  |  Sclera

Whitnall’s (superior transverse) ligament and the superior oblique tendon in the trochlea have common fascial attachments at the orbital rim (Figure 43). If the superior transverse ligament is weakened inadvertently while hooking the superior oblique tendon, thereby weakening the medial horn of the levator muscle, ptosis of the nasal portion of the upper lid usually results. Therefore, it is safer to hook the superior oblique tendon under direct vision. This can be done between the nasal border of the superior rectus and the trochlea or an even safer place is at the insertion. Whitnall’s ligament acts as a clothesline, suspending the levator aponeurosis and the medial portion of the superior oblique tendon.

Afig. 43a Bfig. 43b

Cfig. 43c

Figure 43
A
The relationship of Whitnall’s ligament and the superior oblique tendon. ‘Blind hooking’ the superior oblique tendon can damage Whitnall’s, producing ptosis.
B Whitnall’s ligament acts like a clothesline with orbital structures suspended.
C Nasal ptosis right eye from disruption of Whitnall’s ligament after hooking of the superior oblique tendon in a ‘blind sweep’ nasal to the superior rectus.